The calculation represents a percentage problem. Specifically, it asks for the value obtained when 20% is applied to the number 105. This is mathematically equivalent to multiplying 105 by 0.20. The resulting value is a portion of the original quantity, representing a specific fraction of the whole.
Determining proportions like this is a fundamental skill with widespread application. It allows for the calculation of discounts, tax amounts, interest earned, and statistical data interpretation. Historical use cases include trade negotiations, financial planning, and scientific analysis, demonstrating its enduring relevance across numerous fields.